by Overview of Hepatitis B & Its Vaccination
Hepatitis B is a significant health concern, particularly for infants and young children. It is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases. The virus is most commonly transmitted from mother to child during birth, through contact with infected blood or body fluids, and through unsafe injections or exposures to sharp instruments. In India, the burden of Hepatitis B is substantial, making vaccination crucial for preventing severe liver diseases.
What is the Hepatitis B vaccine, who should receive it, and what is its schedule?
The Hepatitis B vaccine is derived from parts of the Hepatitis B virus and is used to protect against Hepatitis B infection. It is typically administered to all newborns within 24 hours of birth, followed by additional doses. The vaccination schedule generally includes:
- Booster dose: At 16-24 months of age (Not necessary for all)
- Birth dose: Within 24 hours of birth
- Primary series: At 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age (included in Pentavalent vaccine)
For those who missed the initial doses, the vaccine can still be administered up to the age of 19 years.
Who should avoid the Hepatitis B vaccine?
Certain individuals should not receive the Hepatitis B vaccine due to potential complications. This includes those who:
- Have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine or any of its components
- Have a yeast allergy
- Have a serious illness at the time of vaccination (vaccination can be postponed until recovery)
What changes occur after Hepatitis B vaccination?
Following Hepatitis B vaccination, some common side effects may occur, including:
- Redness, swelling, or soreness at the injection site
- Fever
- Headache
- Fatigue
These side effects are usually mild and resolve within a few days
How safe is the Hepatitis B vaccine?
The Hepatitis B vaccine is generally safe and effective. It provides long-term protection against Hepatitis B infection, significantly reducing the risk of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Serious side effects are rare.
While the Hepatitis B vaccine is safe, you should consult your doctor if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent pain or swelling at the injection site
- Severe allergic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat)
- High fever
Cost of Hepatitis B Vaccine?
Hepatitis B vaccines range from approximately ₹40 to ₹6,000, depending on the composition, manufacturer, and healthcare facility.
When to see a doctor?
After receiving the Hepatitis B vaccine, you should consult a doctor if you experience any of the following:
- Severe allergic reactions: Symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or hives.
- High fever: A fever that persists or is unusually high.
- Unusual behavior: Signs of confusion or extreme irritability.
- Persistent pain or swelling: At the injection site that doesn’t improve.
- Muscle weakness: Any signs of muscle weakness or paralysis.
These symptoms are rare, but it’s important to seek medical advice if they occur. For most people, the vaccine is safe and side effects are mild.
